Networking Skills

CCNA Based Tranning Day 1st. What is to read this video. 1. Network Fandamentel 2. how to internet work 3.Network Application 4.Speed and Internet 5.Network Topology

A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link.
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes.
A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another.
If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.
If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access.
a. Security/Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem solving
d. Security through redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing
a. Performance
   It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and response time. b. Reliability
   It is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network's robustness.
c. Security
   Security issues includes protecting data from unauthorized access and virues.
a. Number of Users
b. Type of transmission medium
c. Hardware
d. Software
a. Frequency of failure
b. Recovery time of a network after a failure
a. Unauthorized Access
b. Viruses
A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication.
The key elements of protocols are
a. Syntax
   It refers to the structure or format of the data, that is the order in which they are presented.
b. Semantics
   It refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
c. Timing
   Timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how fast they can be sent.
a. Connectivity
b. Cost-effective Resource Sharing
c. Support for common Services
d. Performance
Network performance is measured in Bandwidth (throughput) and Latency (Delay). Bandwidth of a network is given by the number of bits that can be transmitted over the network in a certain period of time. Latency corresponds to how long it t5akes a message to travel from one end off a network to the other. It is strictly measured in terms of time.
The process of determining systematically hoe to forward messages toward the destination nodes based on its address is called routing.
The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.
It is possible that a switch receives packets faster than the shared link can accommodate and stores in its memory, for an extended period of time, then the switch will eventually run out of buffer space, and some packets will have to be dropped and in this state is said to congested state.
Defining a useful channel involves both understanding the applications requirements and recognizing the limitations of the underlying technology. The gap between what applications expects and what the underlying technology can provide is called semantic gap.
The duration of time it takes to send a message from one end of a network to the other and back, is called RTT.
If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Unicasting.
If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting.
If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network it is called Broadcasting.
Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.
a. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
b. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
   i. Synchronous TDM
   ii. ASynchronous TDM Or Statistical TDM.
c. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)
FDM is an analog technique that can be applied when the bandwidth of a link is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.

WDM is conceptually the same as FDM, except that the multiplexing and demultiplexing involve light signals transmitted through fiber optics channel.
TDM is a digital process that can be applied when the data rate capacity of the transmission medium is greater than the data rate required by the sending and receiving devices.
In STDM, the multiplexer allocates exactly the same time slot to each device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to transmit.
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer
1. Physical Layer
2. Data link Layer and
3. Network Layers

1. Session Layer
2. Presentation Layer and
3. Application Layer

1. Introduction, Protocols and Layering
2. Congestion Control
3. Retransmissions, Multiple access, Switching
4. Network layer, Internetworking
5. Quality of Service and Real-time Apps
6. Physical and Link layers
7. Intra- and Inter-domain Routing
8. Transport layer, Reliability
9. Network Security
10. DNS, Web/HTTP, Content Distribution

1. Select Internet E-mail.
2. Settings: name, full email address (including '@gmail.com' or '@your_domain.com')
• In the Account Type dropdown menu, select IMAP. In the 'Incoming server name' section, enter: imap.gmail.com and in the 'Outgoing server name (SMTP)' section, enter: smtp.gmail.com.
• In the 'User Name' field, give your full Gmail address, including '@gmail.com' or '@your_domain.com.'
• After creating these settings, clicking Next takes you to the end of the setup.

3. In the Tools menu, select Options then Mail Setup. Under 'Email Accounts,' click E-mail Accounts.
4. Select an account, and click Change above the list of accounts. Click More Settings, then the Advancedtab.
• Incoming server must be 993, and must use SSL3 encryption.
• Outgoing server can use 587, TLS4 encryption.

5. Click the Outgoing Server tab. Make sure that 'My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication' is selected. The radio button 'Use same settings as my incoming mail server' should also be selected.

6. Click OK > Next > Finish > Close > OK.

This is most impodent Question of server (what is DNS).

DNS stands for Domain Name Server. These are the servers that match up a fully qualified domain with the proper IP address. This is necessary because computers only understand the IP address for your domain (e.g.- 123.45.678.90).

Installing and setting up the first DNS server 2008 R2

Installing a Domain Name System (DNS) server involves adding the DNS server role to an existing Windows Server 2008 server. You can also install the DNS server role when you install the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role. This is the preferred method for installing the DNS Server role if you want to integrate your DNS domain namespace with the AD DS domain namespace.

Creating forward lookup zones and zone type (standard primary)

When the Domain Name System (DNS) server role is installed as part of creating a domain controller by installing Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS), the forward lookup zones that are required to support the domain are automatically created. Creating a forward lookup zone is only necessary when you create a DNS server that is not running on a domain controller or if you need to create a DNS domain that is not part of your Active Directory domain structure.


Creating the first host (A) record for the first DNS server